水肥一體化智能灌溉系統通常包括水(shui)(shui)源工程(cheng)、首(shou)部(bu)(bu)樞紐、田(tian)間輸(shu)配(pei)水(shui)(shui)管網系統和灌水(shui)(shui)器等四部(bu)(bu)分，實際(ji)生產中由于供(gong)水(shui)(shui)條件和灌溉要求不(bu)同，施肥系統可能僅由部(bu)(bu)分設備組成(cheng)。

水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化智能(neng)灌(guan)溉系(xi)(xi)統(tong)結構包括(kuo)：控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)柜、觸(chu)摸(mo)屏控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、混肥(fei)(fei)(fei)硬件設(she)(she)備(bei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、無(wu)線(xian)采集控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，支持pc端(duan)以(yi)及微(wei)信(xin)端(duan)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)查看數據以(yi)及控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)前端(duan)設(she)(she)備(bei)；水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化智能(neng)灌(guan)溉系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)幫助生產者很方(fang)便的實(shi)現自動(dong)(dong)(dong)的水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化管(guan)理。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由上位機軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、區(qu)(qu)域控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)柜、分(fen)路控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)、變送(song)器(qi)(qi)、數據采集終(zhong)端(duan)組成。通(tong)過與(yu)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有機結合(he)，實(shi)現智能(neng)化控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。可(ke)實(shi)現智能(neng)化監測(ce)(ce)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)溉中的供(gong)水(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)濃度(du)以(yi)及供(gong)水(shui)(shui)量。變送(song)器(qi)(qi)（土壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)變送(song)器(qi)(qi)、流量變送(song)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)）將實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監測(ce)(ce)的灌(guan)溉狀況，當灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)(rang)濕度(du)達到(dao)預先設(she)(she)定的下限值時(shi)(shi)，電磁(ci)閥(fa)可(ke)以(yi)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)開啟，當監測(ce)(ce)的土壤(rang)(rang)含水(shui)(shui)量及液(ye)位達到(dao)預設(she)(she)的灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)定額后，可(ke)以(yi)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)關閉電磁(ci)閥(fa)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。可(ke)根據時(shi)(shi)間(jian)段(duan)調度(du)整個灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)電磁(ci)閥(fa)的輪流工(gong)(gong)作，并手動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)溉和采集墑情。整個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可(ke)協調工(gong)(gong)作實(shi)施(shi)(shi)輪灌(guan)，充分(fen)提(ti)高灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)效(xiao)率，實(shi)現節水(shui)(shui)、節電，減少勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)，降低人力(li)投(tou)入成本。

二、施肥系統

水肥一(yi)體化施肥系(xi)統(tong)(tong)原理由(you)(you)(you)灌(guan)溉(gai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和肥料溶液混(hun)合系(xi)統(tong)(tong)兩部分組成(cheng)。灌(guan)溉(gai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要由(you)(you)(you)灌(guan)溉(gai)泵(beng)、穩壓閥(fa)、控制(zhi)器、過(guo)濾器、田間灌(guan)溉(gai)管網(wang)以及灌(guan)溉(gai)電(dian)磁閥(fa)構成(cheng)。肥料溶液混(hun)合系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)(you)(you)控制(zhi)器、肥料灌(guan)、施肥器、電(dian)磁閥(fa)、傳感(gan)器以及混(hun)合罐、混(hun)合泵(beng)組成(cheng)。

輸配(pei)水(shui)管(guan)網的(de)作用是將首部處理過的(de)水(shui), 按照要求輸送到灌水(shui)單(dan)元和(he)灌水(shui)器(qi)，毛管(guan)是微灌系(xi)統(tong)的(de)最末一級管(guan)道(dao)，在滴灌系(xi)統(tong)中，即為滴灌管(guan)，在微噴系(xi)統(tong)中，毛管(guan)上(shang)安裝微噴頭。

2.2：環境(jing)數據(ju)采集器

環境(jing)數(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)(ji)器由低(di)功(gong)耗氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)傳感器、低(di)功(gong)耗氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)(ji)控制器和計算(suan)機氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)軟件三(san)部分組成。可同時(shi)(shi)監(jian)測大氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度(du)、大氣(qi)(qi)濕度(du)、土壤溫(wen)度(du)、土壤濕度(du)、雨(yu)量、風速(su)、風向、氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)、輻(fu)射(she)、照度(du)等諸多氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)要(yao)素；具有高精度(du)高可靠性(xing)的特點，可實(shi)(shi)現定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)(ji)、實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間顯示、氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數(shu)據定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)存儲、氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數(shu)據定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)上(shang)報、參數(shu)設定(ding)(ding)等功(gong)能。

閥(fa)門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)是接收(shou)由田間工作站(zhan)傳來(lai)的(de)(de)指令(ling)并(bing)實施指令(ling)的(de)(de)下端。閥(fa)門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)直接與管網布置(zhi)的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)相連接，接收(shou)到田間工作站(zhan)的(de)(de)指令(ling)后對電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)的(de)(de)開(kai)閉進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，同時(shi)也能夠采集田間信(xin)息，并(bing)上傳信(xin)息至田間工作站(zhan)，一個(ge)(ge)閥(fa)門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)。電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)是控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)田間灌溉的(de)(de)閥(fa)門(men)，電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)由田間節水灌溉設計輪(lun)灌組的(de)(de)劃分來(lai)確定安裝位置(zhi)及個(ge)(ge)數。

2.4：灌(guan)水器系統(tong)

微灌(guan)(guan)按灌(guan)(guan)水流量(liang)小，一(yi)次灌(guan)(guan)水延(yan)續時間較長，灌(guan)(guan)水周期短，需要的工(gong)作壓力較低，能夠(gou)較精確的控制灌(guan)(guan)水量(liang)，能把水和養分直接地(di)輸送到作物根部附近的土壤中去。

三、系統功能

實現兩級用水(shui)(shui)(shui)計量(liang)，通(tong)過(guo)出(chu)口流(liu)量(liang)監測作為(wei)本區(qu)域內(nei)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)計量(liang)，通(tong)過(guo)每個(ge)支管壓力傳感(gan)采(cai)集數據(ju)實時(shi)計算各支管的(de)(de)輪灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)，與閥門(men)(men)自動控制(zhi)功能(neng)結合，實現每一個(ge)閥門(men)(men)控制(zhi)單元的(de)(de)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)統計。同時(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵引入(ru)流(liu)量(liang)控制(zhi)，當超(chao)過(guo)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)將通(tong)過(guo)遠程控制(zhi)，限(xian)制(zhi)區(qu)域用水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

3.2：運行狀(zhuang)態實時監控

通(tong)過水(shui)泵電流(liu)和(he)(he)電壓(ya)監測、出水(shui)口壓(ya)力和(he)(he)流(liu)量監測、管(guan)網分(fen)干管(guan)流(liu)量和(he)(he)壓(ya)力監測，能夠(gou)及(ji)時發現(xian)滴灌(guan)系統(tong)(tong)爆管(guan)、漏水(shui)、低壓(ya)運(yun)行(xing)等不合(he)理灌(guan)溉事件，及(ji)時通(tong)知系統(tong)(tong)維護人員，保障滴灌(guan)系統(tong)(tong)高效。

3.3：閥門自動控制功能

通過(guo)對(dui)農田(tian)土壤墑(di)情信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、小氣(qi)候信(xin)息(xi)(xi)和作(zuo)物(wu)長(chang)勢信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的實時(shi)監(jian)測，采(cai)用無(wu)(wu)線或有線技術，實現(xian)閥(fa)門(men)的遙控啟(qi)閉(bi)和定(ding)時(shi)輪灌啟(qi)閉(bi)。根據采(cai)集到的信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，結合當地(di)作(zuo)物(wu)的需水和灌溉(gai)輪灌情況制(zhi)定(ding)自動開啟(qi)水泵、閥(fa)門(men)，實現(xian)無(wu)(wu)人(ren)職守自動灌溉(gai)，分片控制(zhi)，預防(fang)人(ren)為誤操作(zuo)。

3.4：PC展示(shi)平臺

實現區(qu)域用水量(liang)計(ji)量(liang)管理(li)、旱情和灌溉預報(bao)專家(jia)決(jue)(jue)策、信息發布等(deng)功能的(de)遠程(cheng)決(jue)(jue)策管理(li)；以及(ji)對(dui)用水、耗(hao)電、灌水量(liang)、維(wei)護(hu)、材料消(xiao)耗(hao)等(deng)進行統計(ji)和成本核算，對(dui)灌溉設施設備生成定期維(wei)護(hu)計(ji)劃，記錄維(wei)護(hu)情況，實現灌溉工程(cheng)的(de)精細化(hua)維(wei)護(hu)運行管理(li)。

水肥一體化智(zhi)能(neng)灌溉(gai)控制系統能(neng)夠(gou)充分發揮現有的(de)(de)節水設備作用(yong)，優(you)化調度，提(ti)高(gao)效益，通過(guo)自動控制技術的(de)(de)應用(yong)，更加節水節能(neng)，降低灌溉(gai)成本，提(ti)高(gao)灌溉(gai)質量，將使灌溉(gai)更加科學、方便，提(ti)高(gao)管(guan)理水平。